Moses Niwe
*****The Spiritual Watch******
by Thomas Watson
“Keep your heart with all diligence; for out of
it are the issues of life.” Proverbs 4:23
This book of Proverbs is full of many divine
aphorisms. Other parts of Scripture are like a
golden chain—the verses linked together by
coherence; but this book is like a heap of
golden rings: many precious sentences lie
scattered up and down in it like so many
jewels or sparkling diamonds!
This text is about matters of life and death.
The words are mandatory; for all counsels in
Scripture carry in them the force of a
command. “Keep your heart.” Here is God’s
solemn charge to every man, like a judge’s
charge given from the bench. I shall first
explain the text—and then apply the text.
“Keep.” The Hebrew word “to keep” has
various meanings. Sometimes it means “to
arm or fence.” A stroke to the heart kills—so
fence your heart. Sometimes it means “to
take care of something so that it is not lost,”
as someone would take care of a piece of
precious metal so that it is not taken away.
Sometimes it means to keep in safe custody.
So keep your heart; lock it up safely so that
it is forthcoming when God calls for it.
“Your heart.” The heart is taken diversely in
Scripture. Sometimes it is taken for the vital
organ (Judges 19:5), sometimes for the soul
(Deuteronomy 13:3), sometimes for the mind
(Proverbs 10:8), sometimes for the
conscience (1 John 3:20), and sometimes for
the will and affections (Psalm 119:36). I
shall take it in its full latitude—for the whole
soul with all its noble faculties and
endowments. The heart is the deposit or
charge every man is entrusted with.
“With all diligence.” The original word is
literally translated “with all keeping.” The
Hebrew word signifies to keep with watch
and ward; a Christian is to set a continual
guard around his heart. Some read the words
“above all keeping.” Nothing requires such
strict custody; a Christian’s heart must ever
be in his eye.
“For out of it are the issues of life.” Since the
heart is the fountain of life—if the heart lives,
the body lives; if the heart is touched, death
follows. So the soul is a spiritual fountain:
out of it issues either sin or grace. From this
spring-head, flow the streams either of
salvation or damnation!
In these words there is:
A duty: “Keep your heart.”
The manner: “with all diligence.”
The reason: “for out of it are the issues of
life.”
DOCTRINE: It must be a Christian’s great
care to keep his heart with all diligence, with
all keeping.
We are to keep our eyes, as Job set a watch
there. Job 31:1: “I have made a covenant
with my eyes.” We are to keep our lips, as
David bridled his tongue. Psalm 39:1: “I will
keep my mouth as with a bridle.” But we are
especially to look to our hearts. “Keep your
heart with all keeping.”
The heart, like Dinah in the Old Testament,
will be gadding abroad; and it seldom returns
home without being defiled. Christian, your
chief work lies with your heart: “Keep your
heart.” When any danger is near, the serpent
keeps his head safe, and to preserve his head
will expose his whole body to injury. So a
wise Christian should especially keep his
heart; he should jeopardize his skin to keep a
wound from his heart.
To amplify this, I will:
show that the heart must be kept with all
kinds of keeping,
show that it must be kept at all times,
and then give the reasons that enforce this
idea.
I. The DUTY: “keep your heart.” The heart
must be kept with all kinds of keeping.
Keep your heart as you would keep a
TEMPLE. The temple was a hallowed place,
set apart for God’s worship. Just so, the
heart is the temple of God (1 Corinthians
3:16). This heart-temple must be kept pure
and holy—no filth may lie here; sweep the
dust out of the temple. The vessels of the
temple were cleansed (2 Chronicles 29:15).
Thus the memory, affections, and conscience,
these temple vessels, must be cleansed (2
Corinthians 7:1). Christ whipped the buyers
and sellers out of the temple in John 2. The
cares of the world will be crowding into the
heart. Now you must get a whip made of the
threatenings of the law, and drive these
money-changers out of the temple of your
heart. Do not let God’s temple be turned into
a worldly market.
The temple had a fire burning on the altar;
take heed of strange fire. But keep the fire of
zeal and devotion flaming upon the altar of
your heart; do temple work and offer up the
sacrifice of a broken heart. When the heart is
a consecrated place, a holy of holies, then
God will walk there. Many a man’s heart is a
pest-house, a bedlam, being polluted with
sin. This is to put swine into God’s temple!
This is to let the devil come into God’s
temple! David’s heart was a dedicated temple
(Psalm 119:38).
Keep your heart as you would keep a
TREASURE. A man who has a great treasure
of money and jewels, will keep it with lock
and bolt so that it is not stolen. Christian,
you carry a precious treasure with you, even
all that you are worth—a heart! The devil and
the world would rob you of this jewel. Oh,
keep your heart as you would keep your life.
If you are robbed of this treasure—you are
ruined.
Few know the value of their hearts. A farmer
can set a price on his grain—but not on
jewels. Men do not know the worth of that
treasure they carry around with them;
therefore they prefer other things. Keep your
heart like a treasure.
Keep your heart as you would keep a
GARDEN. Your heart is a garden (Song of
Solomon 4:12); weed all sin out of your
heart. Among the flowers of the heart, weeds
will be growing—the weeds of pride, malice,
and covetousness: these grow without
planting and cultivating. Therefore be
weeding your heart daily by prayer,
examination, and repentance.
Weeds hinder the herbs and flowers from
growing; the weeds of corruption—hinder the
growth of grace. Where the weed of unbelief
grows—it hinders the flower of faith from
growing.
Weeds spoil the walkways. Christ will not
walk in a heart overgrown with weeds and
briars. Christ was sometimes among the
lilies (Song of Solomon 6:3)—but never
among the thistles. Poor sinner, you
complain that you have no communion with
God. There was a time when God made
Himself known to you—but now He has
grown unfamiliar, and never comes near you.
This is the reason: Sin has spoiled Christ’s
walks. Your heart lies like the field of the
sluggard (Proverbs 20:4). And will Christ
walk there? Indeed, we read that Christ was
once in the wilderness when He was tempted
(Matthew 4:1)—but He did not go there for
delight—but so that he might duel and
skirmish with Satan. It is the garden, which
Christ delights in. Oh, weed your heart daily;
do not let it become a thicket for Satan!
Keep your heart as you would keep a
GARRISON. The heart of man is a garrison or
a royal fortress. This garrison is besieged;
the devil shoots his fiery darts of temptation.
So keep your heart as a tower or a castle.
Keep a close sentinel on your heart.
Habakkuk 2:1: “I will stand upon my watch,
and set upon the tower.” Discover where
Satan labors to make a breach—what grace
he most shoots at—and there set a double
guard and fortify that spot.
Make use of all your spiritual ammunition:
meditation and prayer. Prayer is the great
ordinance; discharge this cannon, and be
sure to put the bullet of faith in it (Matthew
21:22; 1 Peter 5:9). If the devil takes the
garrison by storm, it will be sad. Remember
how he tore and tormented that man in
whom he was (Matthew 9:18)? It is easier to
let Satan in—than it is to get him out! If the
devil gets the garrison of your heart, you are
his slave; and remember, he gives no
quarter.
Keep your heart as you would a PRISONER.
The heart is guilty, and is ready every now
and then to break prison. We need to lay
bolts and fetters upon it! A prisoner in the
jail may promise that he will not stir—but
when he sees an opportunity, if you do not
watch him, he will file off his fetters and be
gone! So the heart promises that it will keep
from such sins—but if you are not careful it,
will steal out to vanity. Therefore, keep your
heart as a prisoner! When you perceive it
breaking loose, lay chains and fetters upon it;
bind it fast with the terrors of the law; keep it
with the flaming sword of a reproof.
As John the Baptist said to Herod in Mark
6:18, “It is not lawful for you to have your
brother’s wife!” So say to your heart, “It is
not lawful for you to meddle with forbidden
fruit! You may not be proud, vain, or worldly!”
Lay the commands of God upon your heart. A
man may be too jealous of his friend—but he
cannot be too jealous of his heart. Let it be
kept as a prisoner—closely under guard.
Keep your heart as you would keep a
WATCH. The heart will unwind to the world;
therefore wind it up every morning and
evening by prayer. The motion of a watch is
not constant: sometimes it goes fast,
sometimes slower. And so it is with the
heart: sometimes it goes faster in vanity and
sometimes it goes slower in duty. Therefore
set this spiritual watch by the sundial of the
Word.
II. The MANNER: “with all diligence.” The
heart must be kept at all times!
Keep your heart when you are ALONE. It was
Satan’s subtlety to set upon Eve, when she
was alone and less able to resist. He is like a
cunning suitor who woos the daughter, when
her parents are away from home. The devil
breaks through the hedge commonly, where it
is weakest. I confess that privacy and
retirement is good; if a Christian had a
fruitful heart, what sweet thoughts he might
have of God when he is alone! (Psalm
139:17) But, alas, by reason of innate
corruption, how many vain, proud, impure
thoughts will steal into our hearts when we
are most secluded from the world! The fowls
will be eating at the sacrifice; the devil will
he shooting in his fireballs and, when we
least suspect him, will be tempting us to
deliver up the castle of our heart to him.
Keep your heart when you are in COMPANY.
Vain company is the bait by which Satan is
angling for the heart. Under the Law, he who
touched a dead body was unclean (Numbers
5:2). The heart is apt to be defiled by being
among those who are dead in sin; it is easy
to catch a disease when in company.
Indeed, in the state of innocence, the heart
might be compared to those plants of
paradise which Athanasius said impart an
aromatic, sweet savor to the adjoining trees;
but, since the fall, our hearts are ready to
pollute and infect one another, being like that
withered vine the poet speaks of, which took
away the fresh color and sap from a
neighboring vine. A good eye, by looking at a
watery eye, many times falls to watering
itself. Just so, often a good heart, by
beholding and conversing with a profane one,
gathers corruption. If you mingle bright and
rusty metal together, the rusty metal will not
be made bright—but the bright will become
rusty. So an evil companion who is rusted
with sin, will always rub some of his unholy
rust upon a man who is bright with grace.
Christians, look to your hearts even in good
company. Those who may, like Abijah, have
some good thing in them (1 Kings 14:13)—
yet find that good thing to be very small, like
a pearl in a heap of stones; or like filings of
gold among the dirt. There may be much
levity of discourse among those who are
good, and even if there is no filth or scum—
yet froth may boil up. These are the most
dangerous, because they are the least
suspicious. Who would suspect the plague, in
perfumed linen? Though the lungs are sound,
the breath may not be sweet. Such as we
hope have sound hearts, yet may lack some
grains of solidity, and are not as sweet and
heavenly in their speeches, as they should be
(Colossians 4:6).
The devil does harm by a good instrument
sometimes, which he cannot do by a bad
one; he hands over a temptation by such: he
tempted Christ by an apostle. The devil once
crept into a serpent, and here he crept into a
dove; but Christ spied his cloven hoof. “Get
behind Me, Satan!” (Matthew 16:23). How
watchful, then, we need to be in company!
Keep your heart especially after good
DUTIES. When Christ had been praying and
fasting, then the devil came and tempted Him
(Matthew 4:2-3). When we have been most
enlarged in our services, then Satan will
tempt us to pride and carnal security. Many
Christian’s hearts, like bows, stand unbent
after shootings; they are apt to grow more
remiss, as if duty were a sufficient spell and
antidote against temptation. Do we not know
that Satan always lies waiting to temp? He is
more angry with us after duty; those prayers
which appease God—incense Satan, and if we
lay down our weapons, he will attack us and
wound us!
After David’s victory over the Assyrians, he
grew lustful, and defiled Bathsheba (2
Samuel 11:4). After we have gotten a victory
over Satan in duty, then let us fear, lest our
hearts give us the slip. When God had driven
Adam out of the garden, He placed a flaming
sword at the east of it, to guard the Tree of
Life (Genesis 3). When we have cast out the
devil by prayer and fasting, let us set a
strong guard about our hearts to keep them,
so that the enemy does not make a re-entry.
Keep your heart in times of ADVERSITY. The
devil makes use of all winds, to toss the soul
and make it suffer shipwreck. Adversity has
its temptations; many souls have been cast
away in a storm. In adversity the devil
tempts to unbelief and desperation. Job 2:9:
“Do you still retain your integrity?” Satan
used Job’s wife as a ladder by which he
would have scaled the impregnable tower of
Job’s faith. “Do you still retain your
integrity?” was a cutting kind of speech, as if
the devil had said, “God has pulled down
your hedge. He has smitten you in your
children. And are you so senseless as to still
serve and worship God? What have you
gotten by His service? Where are your
earnings? What have you to show but your
boils? Throw off religion. Curse God and die!”
Satan’s medicines are always poisons.
Malachi 3:14: “You have said it is vain to
serve God, and what profit is it that we have
kept His ordinances?” They have mourned
and fasted and almost fasted away all they
had. When a man’s estate is low and his
spirit is troubled, then Satan begins to throw
in his hooks of temptation. And oftentimes
Satan makes use of poverty to put a man
upon indirect courses. Agur feared for his
heart in poverty (Proverbs 30:8-9). Oh, keep
your heart in adversity; beware of taking the
forbidden fruit!
Keep your heart in time of PROSPERITY. The
fuller the moon is, the more remote it is from
the sun; and oftentimes the more full a man
is of the world, the further his heart is from
God. Deuteronomy 32:15: “Jesurun waxed fat
—and kicked.” It is hard to abound in
prosperity—and not abound in sin. A full cup
is hard to carry, without spilling. The trees
are never more in danger of the wind, than
when they blossom. Pride, idleness, and
luxury, are the three daughters which are
bred by prosperity. Samson fell asleep in
Delilah’s lap; millions have slept their way to
hell, in the lap of prosperity. Agur prayed,
“Give me not riches” (Proverbs 30:8). He
knew his heart would run wild into sin. The
world’s golden apple, bewitches. When God
sets a hedge of prosperity around us, we
need to set a hedge of caution and
circumspection.
III. The REASON: “for out of it are the issues
of life.” The reasons for keeping the heart are
these:
1. The heart is a slippery substance—it is
deceitful. Jeremiah 17:9: “The heart is
deceitful above all things.” In the Hebrew it is
“the heart is a Jacob above all things,” a
supplanter. If we are not very cautious and
watchful, our hearts will cheat us. There is
deceit in money, in friends, and in books; but
the heart has an art of deceiving beyond all
these! “The heart is a desperate impostor,”
said Augustine. The way of the heart, is like
a serpent upon a rock. Oh, the pleats and
folds, the subtleties and labyrinths of a self-
deceiving heart! Let us trace a little, the heart
in its fallacies and strategies, and see if there
is not reason to keep a sentinel continually,
and to set a strong guard around it. The
heart will deceive us about sinful things,
lawful things, and religious things.
First, the heart will deceive us about SINFUL
things. The heart will tell us that sin is but
small—and, being small, it is venial. The
heart will apologize for sin, masking bad
transactions over with golden pretenses. The
heart will tell a man that he may keep his sin
—and yet keep his religion too. 2 Kings
17:33: “They feared the Lord—and served
their idols.” The heart will secretly suggest to
a man that, as long as he goes to church and
gives alms, he may secretly indulge
corruption, as if religious duties gave a man
a right and license to sin.
The heart will even quote Scripture to justify
sin! 1 Corinthians 9:20, 22: “To the Jews I
became as a Jew that I might gain the Jews.
I am made all things to all men.” The heart
will bring this text out for sinful compliance.
Oh, subtle and deceitful heart, which can find
a Scripture to damn yourself with! Though
Paul would conform to others in things which
were indifferent in order that he might save
their souls—yet he would not violate a law or
deny an article of his creed, to gratify them.
And if the heart is so treacherous (being
always more ready to excuse sin than
examine it), what care and circumspection
should we use in keeping our hearts, so that
they do not decoy us into sin before we are
aware of it!
Second, the heart will deceive us about
LAWFUL things in two cases. The heart will
tell us that it is lawful to endeavor to
preserve our reputation. A good name is a
precious ointment—but under a pretense of
preserving our good name, the heart is ready
to tempt a man to self-seeking and make
him do all to get such a name. John 12:43:
“They loved the praise of men, more than the
praise of God.”
The heart will tell us that it is lawful to take
comfort in estate and relations (Deuteronomy
26:11). But the heart will be ready here to
overshoot. How often the wife and child are
put in God’s place. The full stream of the
affections runs out to the creature—and
scarcely a drop of love is left for Christ! This
is the deceit of the heart—it makes us offend
in lawful things. More are killed with wine,
than poison; they are afraid of poison—but
take wine in excess. Gross sins frighten—but
how many go to excess in lawful things?
When we overdo, we undo.
Third, the heart will deceive us about
RELIGIOUS things—our duties and graces.
With regard to our duties, the heart will tell
us that it is enough to come to the Word and
the Sacrament, though the affections are not
at all wrought upon. This is like the
salamander, which lives in the fire—but (as
naturalists say) is never the hotter. Will it be
any plea at God’s bar—to tell the Lord how
many sermons you have heard? Surely it will
be like bringing Uriah’s letter: it will be
evidence against you! How treacherous the
heart is—to plot its own death—and bring a
man to hell by way of duty!
With regard to our graces, the heart is like a
flattering mirror which will make a hypocrite
look good. The foolish virgins thought they
had oil; many strongly think that they have
grace, when they have none. The hypocrite’s
knowledge is no better than ignorance (1
John 2:4). He has illumination—but not
assimilation; he has not been made like
Christ. He ‘believes’—but his heart is not
purified. He pretends to trust God in greater
matters—but dares not trust Him in lesser
ones. He will trust God with his soul—but not
with his estate.
Well, if the heart is this deceitful, see what
need we have to keep the heart with all
diligence! Do with the heart as you would do
with a cheater. We will trust a cheater no
further than we can see him. The heart is a
grand cheater; it will supplant and delude;
test it—but do not trust it. Proverbs 28:26:
“He who trusts in his own heart is a fool!”
We must keep the heart with watch and ward,
because it is not only false—but fickle! God
complains of Israel that their goodness was
as the early dew (Hosea 6:4). The sun rises
and the dew vanishes. The heart sometimes
seems to be in a good frame—but it soon
alters. The heart is changeable like water. Set
water on a fire and it boils; set it in the frigid
air and it freezes. Those good affections
which boil in the church—often freeze in the
shop. One day a Christian is quick and lively
in prayer, another day he is like the disciples,
heavy and sleeping (Luke 22:45).
At one time a Christian is like David, when he
danced before the ark with all his might (2
Samuel 6:14); at another time he is like
Samson when his hair was shaved and his
strength left him (Judges 16:19). When the
gold has been made pure in the fire, it
remains pure; but it is not so with the heart.
When the heart has been purified in an
ordinance, it does not remain pure—but soon
gathers new dirt and dross. The heart is
humble one day—and proud the next; it is
meek one day—and angry the next; it is quick
in its motions towards heaven one day—and
the next day, the affections are worldly. It is
with the heart as with a sick man’s pulse,
which alters by the moment. Since the heart
is so full of variation and inconstancy, it is
needful to keep the heart with all keeping.
Like a violin, the heart will soon be out of
order; therefore we must often keep the
instrument in tune, so that we may make
melody in our heart to the Lord (Ephesians
5:19).
2. The heart must especially be looked to
and watched over, because the heart is the
fountain of all our actions and purposes. The
heart either sweetens or poisons all that we
do! The heart is the spring which makes the
current of our life, run either pure or muddy;
the heart is the throne of either sin or grace.
If the root is sour, no sweet fruit can grow
upon it—for if there is a root of bitterness
springing up in the heart, it is impossible that
our services should give a sweet relish!
In the natural body, the heart is the fountain
of life; if the heart lives, the whole body lives;
if the heart is diseased and poisoned, the
body dies. So it is in a spiritual sense: if the
inner man of the heart is holy, then the
thoughts and actions are holy. But if the soul
is earthly and impure, the actions receive a
bad tincture. In religion, the heart is
everything. We judge men’s hearts by their
actions. God judges men’s actions by their
hearts. The heart distinguishes actions. 2
Chronicles 25:2: “Amaziah did that which
was right in the sight of the Lord—but not
with a perfect heart.” But of Asa it is said,
“His heart was perfect all his days” (2
Chronicles 15:17). It is the heart which gives
the meaning to a thing. Now if the heart is
the spring which makes our actions good or
bad—then the heart is chiefly to be watched
over and tended. Keep the spring pure; “keep
your heart with all diligence.”